Avikari Shabd (Avyay) and Visheshan in Hindi Grammar: Easy Hindi Grammar for Beginners 🌍🇮🇳
Learn Avyay and Adjectives in Hindi with Hindi, Roman Hindi, English Meaning, Examples, Practice & Quiz
Learning Hindi grammar becomes much easier when you stop trying to memorize complicated rules and start learning through simple examples and real-life sentences.
If you are learning Hindi as a beginner, two useful grammar topics you should understand are:
✅ Avikari Shabd / Avyay (अविकारी शब्द / अव्यय) — words that generally do not change their form
✅ Visheshan (विशेषण) — adjectives that describe people, places, things, quantities, or qualities
These words may look simple, but they play an important role in making your Hindi sentences natural, descriptive, expressive, and conversational.
In this lesson, you will learn:
What are Avikari Shabd (Avyay)?
What are the main types of Avyay?
How are adverbs used in Hindi?
What are Visheshan (Adjectives)?
Types of Hindi adjectives
Adjective vs pronoun
Hindi + Roman Hindi + English examples
Everyday conversation examples
Common learner mistakes
Practice exercises
Quick quiz
Frequently Asked Questions
Let's learn Hindi grammar step by step. 🧠✨
Part 1: Avikari Shabd (अविकारी शब्द) / Avyay (अव्यय)
What Are Avikari Shabd?
Avikari Shabd, commonly called Avyay (अव्यय), are words that generally do not change their form according to gender, number, person, or other grammatical conditions.
A-vikari = that which does not undergo change
In simple English, these are often called indeclinable words.
Easy Formula 🧠
No form change → Avikari Shabd / Avyay
For example:
Aaj = today
Kal = yesterday/tomorrow
Yahan = here
Wahan = there
Aur = and
Lekin = but
These words normally remain the same when used with different nouns or subjects.
Why Are Avyay Important in Hindi?
You already know many Hindi nouns and verbs.
But if you want to move from:
basic Hindi → natural Hindi → fluent Hindi
you need words that help you describe time, place, manner, connection, emotion, and relationships between ideas.
For example:
Main aaj school jaunga.
मैं आज स्कूल जाऊँगा।
I will go to school today.
Here, aaj (आज) tells us when the action happens.
Another example:
Wah jaldi aaya.
वह जल्दी आया।
He came quickly.
Here, jaldi (जल्दी) tells us how he came.
Main Types of Avyay in Hindi
Traditional Hindi grammar commonly discusses several categories of Avyay. For beginner learners, the most useful ones are:
Kriya Visheshan (Adverbs)
Sambandh Bodhak (Postpositions)
Samuchchay Bodhak (Conjunctions)
Vismayadi Bodhak (Interjections)
Let's understand each one with simple examples.
1. Kriya Visheshan — Adverbs
Kriya Visheshan (क्रिया विशेषण) are words that give additional information about an action.
They can tell us:
Kab? — When?
Kahan? — Where?
Kaise? — How?
Kitna? — To what extent?
Example
Wah dheere chalta hai.
वह धीरे चलता है।
He walks slowly.
Dheere (धीरे) tells us how he walks.
A. Kaalvachak Kriya Visheshan — Adverbs of Time
These tell us when something happens.
Common Hindi Words
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| आज | Aaj | Today |
| कल | Kal | Yesterday / Tomorrow |
| अभी | Abhi | Now |
| फिर | Phir | Again / Then |
| हमेशा | Hamesha | Always |
| अक्सर | Aksar | Often |
| कभी | Kabhi | Sometimes / Ever |
| तुरंत | Turant | Immediately |
Examples
Main aaj kaam kar raha hoon.
मैं आज काम कर रहा हूँ।
I am working today.
Wah kal aayega.
वह कल आएगा।
He will come tomorrow.
Main abhi ghar par hoon.
मैं अभी घर पर हूँ।
I am at home now.
B. Sthaanvachak Kriya Visheshan — Adverbs of Place
These tell us where something happens.
Common Words
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| यहाँ | Yahan | Here |
| वहाँ | Wahan | There |
| इधर | Idhar | This way / Here |
| उधर | Udhar | That way / There |
| बाहर | Bahar | Outside |
| अंदर | Andar | Inside |
| पास | Paas | Nearby |
| दूर | Door | Far |
Examples
Yahan baitho.
यहाँ बैठो।
Sit here.
Wah wahan khada hai.
वह वहाँ खड़ा है।
He is standing there.
Bacche bahar khel rahe hain.
बच्चे बाहर खेल रहे हैं।
The children are playing outside.
Avyay in Hindi
C. Ritivaachak Kriya Visheshan — Adverbs of Manner
These tell us how an action happens.
Common Words
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| धीरे | Dheere | Slowly |
| जल्दी | Jaldi | Quickly |
| आराम से | Aaraam se | Comfortably / Easily |
| ध्यान से | Dhyaan se | Carefully |
| चुपचाप | Chupchaap | Quietly |
| आसानी से | Aasani se | Easily |
Examples
Dheere bolo.
धीरे बोलो।
Speak slowly.
Jaldi aao.
जल्दी आओ।
Come quickly.
Dhyaan se suno.
ध्यान से सुनो।
Listen carefully.
Aaraam se baitho.
आराम से बैठो।
Sit comfortably.
D. Parimaan / Degree — Adverbs of Degree
These indicate how much or to what extent.
Examples
Bahut — very / a lot
Thoda — a little
Zyada — more / too much
Kam — less
Bilkul — absolutely / completely
Sentences
Mujhe bahut achha laga.
मुझे बहुत अच्छा लगा।
I liked it very much.
Thoda paani do.
थोड़ा पानी दो।
Give me a little water.
Aaj bahut garmi hai.
आज बहुत गर्मी है।
It is very hot today.
🌟 Everyday Hindi Tip
If you already know English words such as:
today, tomorrow, quickly, slowly, here, there, always, sometimes
you can immediately connect them with useful Hindi vocabulary.
| English | Hindi | Roman Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| Today | आज | Aaj |
| Tomorrow | कल | Kal |
| Quickly | जल्दी | Jaldi |
| Slowly | धीरे | Dheere |
| Here | यहाँ | Yahan |
| There | वहाँ | Wahan |
| Always | हमेशा | Hamesha |
| Sometimes | कभी-कभी | Kabhi-kabhi |
These are excellent words to practice in daily Hindi conversations.
2. Sambandh Bodhak — Postpositions
Hindi uses postpositions, which usually come after a noun or pronoun.
This is different from English, where prepositions generally come before the noun.
English:
in the house
Hindi:
ghar mein
घर में
Literally:
ghar + mein
This is an important pattern for Hindi learners.
Common Hindi Postpositions
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| में | Mein | In |
| पर | Par | On / At |
| से | Se | From / With / By |
| तक | Tak | Until / Up to |
| के पास | Ke paas | Near / With |
| के सामने | Ke saamne | In front of |
| के पीछे | Ke peeche | Behind |
| के ऊपर | Ke upar | Above / On top of |
| के नीचे | Ke neeche | Below / Under |
| के साथ | Ke saath | With |
| के कारण | Ke kaaran | Because of |
Examples
Kitaab mez par hai.
किताब मेज़ पर है।
The book is on the table.
School ke saamne ek park hai.
स्कूल के सामने एक पार्क है।
There is a park in front of the school.
Main apne dost ke saath ja raha hoon.
मैं अपने दोस्त के साथ जा रहा हूँ।
I am going with my friend.
Wah ghar ke paas rehta hai.
वह घर के पास रहता है।
He lives near the house.
Hindi adverbs
3. Samuchchay Bodhak — Conjunctions
Samuchchay Bodhak (समुच्चयबोधक) words connect words, phrases, or sentences.
In English, you already use:
and, but, or, because, if
Hindi has similar connecting words.
Common Hindi Conjunctions
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| और | Aur | And |
| लेकिन | Lekin | But |
| या | Ya | Or |
| क्योंकि | Kyonki | Because |
| इसलिए | Isliye | Therefore / So |
| अगर | Agar | If |
| तो | To | Then |
| अथवा | Athva | Or |
Examples
Mohan aur Ramesh dost hain.
मोहन और रमेश दोस्त हैं।
Mohan and Ramesh are friends.
Main jaana chahta hoon, lekin mere paas samay nahi hai.
मैं जाना चाहता हूँ, लेकिन मेरे पास समय नहीं है।
I want to go, but I don't have time.
Chai ya coffee loge?
चाय या कॉफी लोगे?
Will you have tea or coffee?
Main ghar par raha kyunki baarish ho rahi thi.
मैं घर पर रहा क्योंकि बारिश हो रही थी।
I stayed at home because it was raining.
4. Vismayadi Bodhak — Interjections
Vismayadi Bodhak (विस्मयादिबोधक) words express sudden feelings or emotions.
They can show:
Surprise 😮
Happiness 😍
Sadness 😢
Excitement 🎉
Pain
Anger
Shock
Common Examples
Wah! — Wow!
Oh! — Oh!
Are! — Hey! / Oh!
Haay! — Alas!
Arre wah! — Wow!
Examples
Wah! Kya sundar painting hai!
वाह! क्या सुंदर पेंटिंग है!
Wow! What a beautiful painting!
Oh! Main chaabi bhool gaya.
ओह! मैं चाबी भूल गया।
Oh! I forgot the key.
Arre! Tum yahan kaise?
अरे! तुम यहाँ कैसे?
Oh! How are you here?
Hindi adjectives
🎯 Mini Practice: Identify the Avyay
Can you identify the highlighted type of word?
1.
Wah roz school jaata hai.
Which word tells us when/how often?
Answer: Roz — Adverb of time/frequency
2.
Main jaldi-jaldi bhaag raha tha.
Which word tells us how?
Answer: Jaldi-jaldi — Adverb of manner
3.
Wah wahan khada tha.
Which word tells us where?
Answer: Wahan — Adverb of place
4.
Mohan aur Ramesh aaye.
Which word connects two people?
Answer: Aur — Conjunction
5.
Wah! Kya sundar jagah hai!
Which word expresses emotion?
Answer: Wah — Interjection
Part 2: Visheshan — Adjectives in Hindi
Now let's move to the second important topic: Visheshan (विशेषण).
What Is a Visheshan?
A Visheshan is a word that describes or qualifies a noun or, in some constructions, a pronoun.
In English, these are called adjectives.
They can tell us:
Kaisa? — What kind? / How is it?
Kitna? — How much?
Kitne? — How many?
Kaunsa? — Which one?
Simple Examples
Meetha aam
मीठा आम
Sweet mango
Lamba ladka
लंबा लड़का
Tall boy
Laal phool
लाल फूल
Red flower
Sundar ghar
सुंदर घर
Beautiful house
Tez ghoda
तेज़ घोड़ा
Fast horse
The words meetha, lamba, laal, sundar, tez describe the nouns.
Types of Visheshan in Hindi
For beginners, it is useful to learn these major categories:
Gunvachak Visheshan
Parimaanvachak Visheshan
Sankhyavachak Visheshan
Sarvanamik Visheshan
Let's understand them with practical examples.
Hindi grammar examples
1. Gunvachak Visheshan — Qualitative Adjectives
These describe a quality, characteristic, appearance, taste, size, nature, or condition.
Examples
Sundar ladki
सुंदर लड़की
Beautiful girl
Meetha aam
मीठा आम
Sweet mango
Ooncha pahaad
ऊँचा पहाड़
High/tall mountain
Kala ghoda
काला घोड़ा
Black horse
Thanda paani
ठंडा पानी
Cold water
Achha dost
अच्छा दोस्त
Good friend
Daily Conversation
Yeh bahut sundar jagah hai.
यह बहुत सुंदर जगह है।
This is a very beautiful place.
Aaj mausam achha hai.
आज मौसम अच्छा है।
The weather is good today.
2. Parimaanvachak Visheshan — Adjectives of Quantity
These tell us how much of something there is.
They are commonly used with things that are not normally counted individually.
Examples
Thoda paani
थोड़ा पानी
A little water
Kuch cheeni
कुछ चीनी
Some sugar
Zyada doodh
ज़्यादा दूध
More milk
Kam namak
कम नमक
Less salt
Measurable Quantity
Do kilo aata
दो किलो आटा
Two kilograms of flour
Chaar liter doodh
चार लीटर दूध
Four liters of milk
Teen meter kapda
तीन मीटर कपड़ा
Three meters of cloth
3. Sankhyavachak Visheshan — Adjectives of Number
These tell us how many people or things are involved.
Examples
Ek kitaab
एक किताब
One book
Paanch log
पाँच लोग
Five people
Das bacche
दस बच्चे
Ten children
Teen ladkiyan
तीन लड़कियाँ
Three girls
Do seb
दो सेब
Two apples
Easy Tip 🧠
Ask:
Kitne? — How many?
If the answer gives a number that describes a noun, it is often a Sankhyavachak Visheshan.
4. Sarvanamik Visheshan — Pronominal Adjectives
Sometimes a word that looks like a pronoun is used with a noun to identify or describe it.
For example:
Yeh kitaab meri hai.
यह किताब मेरी है।
This book is mine.
Here yeh (यह) is used with kitaab (किताब).
Compare:
Yeh meri hai.
यह मेरी है।
This one is mine.
Here yeh stands by itself and functions as a pronoun.
This difference is important for Hindi learners.
grammar for beginners
Visheshan vs Sarvanam — What's the Difference?
This is a common Hindi grammar question.
Sarvanam — Pronoun
A pronoun is used instead of a noun.
Example:
Wah padh raha hai.
वह पढ़ रहा है।
He is studying.
Here wah stands in place of a person's name.
Visheshan — Adjective
An adjective describes a noun.
Example:
Wah hoshiyaar ladka hai.
वह होशियार लड़का है।
He is a smart boy.
Here hoshiyaar describes ladka.
🧠 Easy Trick to Identify a Visheshan
Ask questions such as:
Kaisa?
What kind?
Kaisi?
What kind?
Kitna?
How much?
Kitne?
How many?
Kaunsa?
Which one?
If a word gives information about a noun, it may be functioning as a Visheshan.
🔥 Quick Quiz: Find the Visheshan
Identify the adjective in each sentence.
1.
Hamara school bahut sundar hai.
Answer: Sundar
2.
Wah chatur ladka hai.
Answer: Chatur
3.
Maine do kitaaben kharidi.
Answer: Do
4.
Thoda paani glass mein hai.
Answer: Thoda
5.
Yeh bada ghar hai.
Answer: Bada
Hindi grammar with Roman Hindi
🌍 Real-Life Hindi Examples
The easiest way to learn Hindi grammar is to connect grammar with situations you already understand.
📱 Social Media Hindi
Pyara kutta
प्यारा कुत्ता
Cute dog
Adbhut video
अद्भुत वीडियो
Amazing video
Sundar tasveer
सुंदर तस्वीर
Beautiful picture
Naya post
नया पोस्ट
New post
🍛 Food & Restaurant Hindi
Teekha khana
तीखा खाना
Spicy food
Meethi mithai
मीठी मिठाई
Sweet dessert
Garam chai
गरम चाय
Hot tea
Thanda paani
ठंडा पानी
Cold water
Swadisht khana
स्वादिष्ट खाना
Delicious food
✈️ Travel Hindi
Bada shehar
बड़ा शहर
Big city
Prachin mandir
प्राचीन मंदिर
Ancient temple
Sundar jagah
सुंदर जगह
Beautiful place
Lambi yatra
लंबी यात्रा
Long journey
🗣️ Everyday Hindi Conversation Practice
Now let's combine Avyay + Visheshan in natural sentences.
Example 1
Aaj bahut garmi hai.
आज बहुत गर्मी है।
It is very hot today.
Aaj = time expression
Bahut = degree/quantity expression
Example 2
Yeh bahut sundar ghar hai.
यह बहुत सुंदर घर है।
This is a very beautiful house.
Bahut = degree
Sundar = adjective
Example 3
Wah jaldi ghar gaya.
वह जल्दी घर गया।
He went home quickly.
Jaldi = adverb
Example 4
Maine do laal seb kharide.
मैंने दो लाल सेब खरीदे।
I bought two red apples.
Do = number adjective
Laal = qualitative adjective
Example 5
Main dost ke saath bazaar gaya.
मैं दोस्त के साथ बाज़ार गया।
I went to the market with my friend.
Ke saath = postposition
⚠️ Common Mistakes Hindi Learners Make
Mistake 1: Confusing Adjectives and Adverbs
Compare:
Tez ladka
तेज़ लड़का
Fast boy
Wah tez daudta hai.
वह तेज़ दौड़ता है।
He runs fast.
Depending on how the word is used in the sentence, learners need to look at what it is describing.
Mistake 2: Confusing Pronouns and Adjectives
Compare:
Yeh kitaab hai.
यह किताब है।
This is a book.
Yeh meri hai.
यह मेरी है।
This one is mine.
In the first sentence, yeh occurs with a noun.
In the second, yeh stands independently.
Mistake 3: Translating English Word Order Directly
English:
in the house
Hindi:
ghar mein
English:
with my friend
Hindi:
mere dost ke saath
Hindi commonly places these relationship words after the noun phrase.
🎯 Practice Challenge
Try translating these sentences into Hindi.
1. I am here today.
Main aaj yahan hoon.
मैं आज यहाँ हूँ।
2. Come quickly.
Jaldi aao.
जल्दी आओ।
3. This is a beautiful city.
Yeh ek sundar shehar hai.
यह एक सुंदर शहर है।
4. I bought three books.
Maine teen kitaaben kharidi.
मैंने तीन किताबें खरीदीं।
5. She went with her friend.
Wah apne dost ke saath gayi.
वह अपने दोस्त के साथ गई।
Visheshan in Hindi
🧠 One-Minute Revision
Let's remember everything quickly.
Avikari Shabd / Avyay
Words that generally do not change their form.
Important categories:
Kriya Visheshan → Adverbs
Sambandh Bodhak → Postpositions
Samuchchay Bodhak → Conjunctions
Vismayadi Bodhak → Interjections
Visheshan
Words that describe or qualify nouns.
Main beginner categories:
Gunvachak → Quality
Parimaanvachak → Quantity
Sankhyavachak → Number
Sarvanamik → Pronominal adjective
Easy Memory Formula
AVYAY
Time + Place + Manner + Connection + Emotion
VISHESHAN
Quality + Quantity + Number + Identification
If you remember these two formulas, many Hindi grammar sentences become much easier to understand.
Frequently Asked Questions — Hindi Grammar FAQ
1. What are Avikari Shabd in Hindi?
Avikari Shabd (अविकारी शब्द) are words whose forms generally do not change according to gender, number, or similar grammatical conditions. They are commonly referred to as Avyay (अव्यय) or indeclinable words.
2. What does Avyay mean in Hindi grammar?
Avyay refers to a word that does not undergo the usual grammatical changes in form. Examples include words such as aaj, yahan, aur, lekin, depending on their grammatical function.
3. What are the main types of Avyay?
For beginner Hindi grammar, commonly studied categories include:
Kriya Visheshan — Adverbs
Sambandh Bodhak — Postpositions
Samuchchay Bodhak — Conjunctions
Vismayadi Bodhak — Interjections
4. What is a Visheshan in Hindi?
Visheshan (विशेषण) means adjective. It is a word that describes or qualifies a noun or, in certain constructions, a pronoun.
For example:
Sundar phool — सुंदर फूल — Beautiful flower
Here, sundar is the Visheshan.
5. What are the types of Visheshan?
Important beginner categories include:
Gunvachak Visheshan — Qualitative adjectives
Parimaanvachak Visheshan — Adjectives of quantity
Sankhyavachak Visheshan — Adjectives of number
Sarvanamik Visheshan — Pronominal adjectives
6. What is the difference between a pronoun and an adjective in Hindi?
A pronoun replaces a noun.
Wah aa raha hai.
He is coming.
An adjective describes a noun.
Wah achha ladka hai.
He is a good boy.
7. How can I identify an adjective in Hindi?
Try asking:
Kaisa? — What kind?
Kaisi? — What kind?
Kitna? — How much?
Kitne? — How many?
Kaunsa? — Which?
If the word provides descriptive information about a noun, it may be functioning as an adjective.
8. Are Avyay important for spoken Hindi?
Yes. Many frequently used words in everyday Hindi function as adverbs, conjunctions, postpositions, or interjections. Learning them helps you build more natural sentences.
9. Is Hindi grammar difficult for beginners?
Hindi grammar can seem complicated at first, but learning it through small lessons, Roman Hindi, English meanings, examples, and speaking practice makes it much easier.
You do not need to memorize everything at once.
Learn one pattern, make five sentences, and use those sentences in conversation.
10. What is the best way to learn Hindi grammar?
A practical approach is:
Learn → Read → Listen → Speak → Practice → Review
Spend even 10–15 minutes a day practicing useful Hindi sentences.
Instead of memorizing isolated grammar rules, connect every grammar concept to a real-life sentence.
Avikari Shabd in Hindi
🚀 Final Takeaway
Hindi grammar does not have to feel complicated.
When you understand Avikari Shabd / Avyay and Visheshan, you gain two powerful tools for creating more natural and expressive Hindi sentences.
Avyay helps you express things such as:
when, where, how, connection, and emotion.
Visheshan helps you describe:
people, places, objects, quantities, numbers, and qualities.
The most effective way to learn them is not simply to memorize definitions.
Instead:
Learn the word → Understand the meaning → See it in a sentence → Say it aloud → Create your own sentence.
For example:
Sundar ghar
सुंदर घर
Beautiful house
Then create your own:
Yeh bahut sundar ghar hai.
यह बहुत सुंदर घर है।
This is a very beautiful house.
That's how grammar turns into real Hindi. 🧠➡️🗣️
🌟 Remember:
Hindi grammar is not just about learning rules — it is about using those rules in real conversations.
Keep practicing a little every day, and your Hindi will become more natural, confident, and expressive.
Happy Hindi Learning! 🌍📚🇮🇳
Learn Hindi Effortlessly. Speak Hindi Confidently.™
Learn Hindi Alphabet (Varnamala)Hub
Continue Hindi Reading Journey
Restaurant Conversation In Hindi
कोई टिप्पणी नहीं:
एक टिप्पणी भेजें