Hindi Singular and Plural: Learn एकवचन & बहुवचन with Roman Hindi

Chapter 4: Singular & Plural in Hindi — एकवचन और बहुवचन
Ekvachan aur Bahuvachan

Welcome to Chapter 4 of Basic Hindi Grammar! 🌱

In this lesson, you'll learn how to talk about one thing and more than one thing in Hindi.

In English:

• Book → Books

• Boy → Boys

• Girl → Girls

Hindi also changes words when we talk about more than one person or thing.

For example:

किताब → किताबें
Kitaab → Kitaaben
Book → Books

Let's learn this step by step.

Hindi singular plural words

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1. What Is Singular?

एकवचन

Ekvachan = Singular

We use singular when we talk about one person, animal, place, or thing.

Hindi	Roman Hindi	English
किताब	Kitaab	Book
लड़का	Ladka	Boy
लड़की	Ladki	Girl
कमरा	Kamra	Room
बच्चा	Bachcha	Child

Examples

एक किताब
Ek kitaab
→ One book

एक लड़का
Ek ladka
→ One boy

एक लड़की
Ek ladki
→ One girl

The word एक (Ek) means one.

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2. What Is Plural?

बहुवचन

Bahuvachan = Plural

We use plural when we talk about more than one person, animal, place, or thing.

For example:

किताब → किताबें
Kitaab → Kitaaben
Book → Books

लड़का → लड़के
Ladka → Ladke
Boy → Boys

लड़की → लड़कियाँ
Ladki → Ladkiyaan
Girl → Girls

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3. Singular → Plural: Your First Examples

Here are some common beginner words:

Singular	Roman	English	Plural	Roman	English
किताब	Kitaab	Book	किताबें	Kitaaben	Books
लड़का	Ladka	Boy	लड़के	Ladke	Boys
लड़की	Ladki	Girl	लड़कियाँ	Ladkiyaan	Girls
बच्चा	Bachcha	Child	बच्चे	Bachche	Children
कमरा	Kamra	Room	कमरे	Kamre	Rooms
कुर्सी	Kursi	Chair	कुर्सियाँ	Kursiyaan	Chairs
गाड़ी	Gaadi	Car	गाड़ियाँ	Gaadiyaan	Cars
चिड़िया	Chidiya	Bird	चिड़ियाँ	Chidiyaan	Birds

💡 Important: Hindi plural forms don't always follow one single rule. The ending of the noun often helps determine the plural form.

Hindi nouns with Roman Hindi

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4. किताब → किताबें

Let's look closely at your first important example.

Singular

किताब
Kitaab
Book

Plural

किताबें
Kitaaben
Books

Notice the change:

किताब → किताबें

Kitaab → Kitaaben

This is a very common pattern for many feminine nouns ending in consonants.

Example

एक किताब
Ek kitaab
→ One book

दो किताबें
Do kitaaben
→ Two books

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5. लड़का → लड़के

Another common pattern is:

लड़का → लड़के

Ladka → Ladke

Boy → Boys

Singular

एक लड़का
Ek ladka
→ One boy

Plural

दो लड़के
Do ladke
→ Two boys

Notice:

लड़का → लड़के

The ending -ा changes to -े.

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6. बच्चा → बच्चे

This follows a similar pattern.

बच्चा
Bachcha
→ Child

बच्चे
Bachche
→ Children

Example

एक बच्चा है।
Ek bachcha hai.
→ There is one child.

दो बच्चे हैं।
Do bachche hain.
→ There are two children.

Notice another important change:

है (hai) → हैं (hain)

This is because the sentence changes from singular to plural.

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7. लड़की → लड़कियाँ

Some feminine nouns ending in -ी commonly change to -ियाँ in the plural.

Singular

लड़की
Ladki
→ Girl

Plural

लड़कियाँ
Ladkiyaan
→ Girls

Example

एक लड़की है।
Ek ladki hai.
→ There is one girl.

दो लड़कियाँ हैं।
Do ladkiyaan hain.
→ There are two girls.

Pattern

-ी → -ियाँ

For example:

लड़की → लड़कियाँ
Ladki → Ladkiyaan

कुर्सी → कुर्सियाँ
Kursi → Kursiyaan

गाड़ी → गाड़ियाँ
Gaadi → Gaadiyaan

Hindi grammar for beginners

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8. Common Hindi Singular → Plural Patterns

At beginner level, remember these useful patterns.

Pattern 1: Masculine nouns ending in -ा

Often:

-ा → -े

Examples:

Singular	Plural
लड़का → लड़के	Ladka → Ladke
बच्चा → बच्चे	Bachcha → Bachche
कमरा → कमरे	Kamra → Kamre
बेटा → बेटे	Beta → Bete
कुत्ता → कुत्ते	Kutta → Kutte

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Pattern 2: Feminine nouns ending in -ी

Often:

-ी → -ियाँ

Examples:

Singular	Plural
लड़की → लड़कियाँ	Ladki → Ladkiyaan
कुर्सी → कुर्सियाँ	Kursi → Kursiyaan
गाड़ी → गाड़ियाँ	Gaadi → Gaadiyaan
चाबी → चाबियाँ	Chaabi → Chaabiyaan
टोपी → टोपियाँ	Topi → Topiyaan

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Pattern 3: Some feminine nouns ending in a consonant

Often:

→ -ें

Examples:

Singular	Plural
किताब → किताबें	Kitaab → Kitaaben
रात → रातें	Raat → Raatein
बात → बातें	Baat → Baatein
सड़क → सड़कें	Sadak → Sadkein
दुकान → दुकानें	Dukaan → Dukaanen

⚠️ These are useful patterns, but Hindi has exceptions, so don't try to memorize every noun with one rule.

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9. One → Many in Hindi

Numbers can make singular and plural easier to understand.

Number	Hindi	Roman Hindi	English
1	एक	Ek	One
2	दो	Do	Two
3	तीन	Teen	Three
4	चार	Chaar	Four
5	पाँच	Paanch	Five

Now look at the examples:

1 book

एक किताब
Ek kitaab
→ One book

2 books

दो किताबें
Do kitaaben
→ Two books

3 books

तीन किताबें
Teen kitaaben
→ Three books

The noun remains in its plural form when we are talking about multiple books.

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10. Singular vs Plural Sentences

Let's compare complete sentences.

📕 Singular

यह किताब है।
Yah kitaab hai.
→ This is a book.

📚 Plural

ये किताबें हैं।
Ye kitaaben hain.
→ These are books.

Notice two changes:

यह → ये
Yah → Ye

and

है → हैं
Hai → Hain

So don't only change the noun. The rest of the sentence can change too.

Hindi words singular plural

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11. More Easy Examples

Book

यह किताब है।
Yah kitaab hai.
→ This is a book.

ये किताबें हैं।
Ye kitaaben hain.
→ These are books.

---

Boy

वह लड़का है।
Vah ladka hai.
→ He is a boy.

वे लड़के हैं।
Ve ladke hain.
→ They are boys.

---

Girl

वह लड़की है।
Vah ladki hai.
→ She is a girl.

वे लड़कियाँ हैं।
Ve ladkiyaan hain.
→ They are girls.

---

Room

यह कमरा है।
Yah kamra hai.
→ This is a room.

ये कमरे हैं।
Ye kamre hain.
→ These are rooms.

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12. Singular & Plural: Quick Cheat Sheet 📝

Singular	Plural
किताब — Kitaab	किताबें — Kitaaben
लड़का — Ladka	लड़के — Ladke
लड़की — Ladki	लड़कियाँ — Ladkiyaan
बच्चा — Bachcha	बच्चे — Bachche
कमरा — Kamra	कमरे — Kamre
कुर्सी — Kursi	कुर्सियाँ — Kursiyaan
गाड़ी — Gaadi	गाड़ियाँ — Gaadiyaan
चाबी — Chaabi	चाबियाँ — Chaabiyaan
दुकान — Dukaan	दुकानें — Dukaanen
बात — Baat	बातें — Baatein

Remember:

Singular = एकवचन (Ekvachan)
Plural = बहुवचन (Bahuvachan)

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13. Singular or Plural? 🤔

Can you identify whether each word is singular or plural?

1. किताब

Kitaab

A) Singular
B) Plural

2. किताबें

Kitaaben

A) Singular
B) Plural

3. लड़के

Ladke

A) Singular
B) Plural

4. लड़की

Ladki

A) Singular
B) Plural

5. लड़कियाँ

Ladkiyaan

A) Singular
B) Plural

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✅ Answers

1. किताब — Singular

2. किताबें — Plural

3. लड़के — Plural

4. लड़की — Singular

5. लड़कियाँ — Plural

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14. Change Singular to Plural ✍️

Try changing these words into plural.

1. लड़का → ________

2. लड़की → ________

3. किताब → ________

4. बच्चा → ________

5. कमरा → ________

6. कुर्सी → ________

7. गाड़ी → ________

8. दुकान → ________

Answers

1. लड़का → लड़के

2. लड़की → लड़कियाँ

3. किताब → किताबें

4. बच्चा → बच्चे

5. कमरा → कमरे

6. कुर्सी → कुर्सियाँ

7. गाड़ी → गाड़ियाँ

8. दुकान → दुकानें

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15. Speaking Practice 🎤

Say these sentences aloud.

Practice 1

एक किताब।
Ek kitaab.
→ One book.

दो किताबें।
Do kitaaben.
→ Two books.

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Practice 2

एक लड़का।
Ek ladka.
→ One boy.

दो लड़के।
Do ladke.
→ Two boys.

---

Practice 3

एक लड़की।
Ek ladki.
→ One girl.

दो लड़कियाँ।
Do ladkiyaan.
→ Two girls.

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Practice 4

एक कमरा।
Ek kamra.
→ One room.

दो कमरे।
Do kamre.
→ Two rooms.

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16. Mini Hindi Conversation 💬

A: यह क्या है?
Yah kya hai?
→ What is this?

B: यह किताब है।
Yah kitaab hai.
→ This is a book.

A: ये क्या हैं?
Ye kya hain?
→ What are these?

B: ये किताबें हैं।
Ye kitaaben hain.
→ These are books.

This simple conversation is a great way to practice singular + plural together.

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17. Beginner Grammar Tip 💡

Don't worry about memorizing every plural rule immediately.

For now, focus on recognizing these three common patterns:

1️⃣ -ा → -े

लड़का → लड़के
Ladka → Ladke

2️⃣ -ी → -ियाँ

लड़की → लड़कियाँ
Ladki → Ladkiyaan

3️⃣ Feminine consonant ending → -ें

किताब → किताबें
Kitaab → Kitaaben

As you learn more Hindi vocabulary, these patterns will become much easier to recognize naturally.

ekvachan bahuvachan

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🎯 Chapter 4 Challenge

Translate these into Hindi.

A. One book

__________

B. Two books

__________

C. One boy

__________

D. Two boys

__________

E. One girl

__________

F. Two girls

__________

G. One room

__________

H. Two rooms

__________

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⭐ Chapter 4 -Key Takeaway

एकवचन (Ekvachan) = Singular = One

बहुवचन (Bahuvachan) = Plural = More than one

Remember:

किताब → किताबें
Kitaab → Kitaaben
Book → Books

लड़का → लड़के
Ladka → Ladke
Boy → Boys

लड़की → लड़कियाँ
Ladki → Ladkiyaan
Girl → Girls

Once you understand these basic patterns, you'll be able to recognize and create many more Hindi plural forms. 🇮🇳📚

Hindi singular and plural

1. What is singular in Hindi?

Singular is called एकवचन (Ekvachan) in Hindi. It refers to one person, animal, place, or thing.

2. What is plural in Hindi?

Plural is called बहुवचन (Bahuvachan). It refers to more than one person, animal, place, or thing.

3. What is the plural of किताब?

The plural of किताब (Kitaab) is किताबें (Kitaaben), meaning books.

4. What is the plural of लड़का?

The plural of लड़का (Ladka) is लड़के (Ladke), meaning boys.

5. What is the plural of लड़की?

The plural of लड़की (Ladki) is लड़कियाँ (Ladkiyaan), meaning girls.

6. What is Ekvachan and Bahuvachan?

Ekvachan means singular, while Bahuvachan means plural in Hindi grammar.

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7. How do you learn Hindi plurals easily?

Start with common patterns such as -ा → -े, -ी → -ियाँ, and feminine consonant-ending nouns that often take -ें. Then practice them in complete sentences.

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• This chapter fits especially well into your Speak Hindi Confidently™ Level 1 – Basic Grammar sequence because it teaches the learner to move from isolated vocabulary into actual sentence building. 📖✨