🟠 Level 3 — Speaking Grammar
Learn to Say “In,” “From,” “Until” and “With” in Hindi | Hindi Grammar for Beginners
Learn Hindi • Roman Hindi • English | Beginner to Intermediate | Practical Speaking Grammar
Chapter 12: Hindi Postpositions (में, से, तक, के साथ)
🌟 Introduction: Four Small Words That Make Your Hindi More Natural!
Imagine you are visiting India.
You want to say:
I live in India.
I am coming from Delhi.
I will wait until evening.
I am travelling with my friend.
You already know some Hindi vocabulary, but how do you connect these ideas naturally?
That's where Hindi postpositions come in!
In Hindi, words such as में (Mein), से (Se), तक (Tak), and के साथ (Ke Saath) help connect nouns and other parts of a sentence to express location, direction, time, source, relationships and companionship.
These four words are extremely useful in everyday conversations.
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
✅ Say where someone or something is.
✅ Explain where you come from.
✅ Express starting and ending times.
✅ Talk about people you are travelling or working with.
✅ Build longer and more natural Hindi sentences.
Let's begin! 🚀
Hindi postpositions
📚 1. What Are Postpositions in Hindi?
In English, we generally use prepositions before nouns.
Examples:
In India
From Delhi
With my friend
Until Monday
Hindi generally places these relationship words after the noun or noun phrase. That's why they are called postpositions.
Compare:
| English | Hindi |
|---|---|
| In the house | घर में |
| From Delhi | दिल्ली से |
| Until tomorrow | कल तक |
| With my friend | मेरे दोस्त के साथ |
Remember: English usually puts these words before nouns, while Hindi generally puts them after nouns.
Quick Formula
Hindi Noun + Postposition = Relationship or Meaning
Examples:
घर + में = घर में (Ghar Mein) = In the house
दिल्ली + से = दिल्ली से (Dilli Se) = From Delhi
शाम + तक = शाम तक (Shaam Tak) = Until evening
दोस्त + के साथ = दोस्त के साथ (Dost Ke Saath) = With a friend
🟠 2. Postposition One: में (Mein) — IN / INSIDE
Meaning and Pronunciation
में — Mein — In / Inside
Use में to describe:
A location or place.
Something inside a container or space.
A city, country or region where someone lives.
A situation or environment.
A. Simple Examples
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं भारत में रहता हूँ। | Main Bharat mein rehta hoon. | I live in India. (Male speaker) |
| मैं भारत में रहती हूँ। | Main Bharat mein rehti hoon. | I live in India. (Female speaker) |
| वह घर में है। | Vah ghar mein hai. | He/She is at home. |
| किताब बैग में है। | Kitaab bag mein hai. | The book is in the bag. |
| बच्चे स्कूल में हैं। | Bachche school mein hain. | The children are at school. |
| पानी बोतल में है। | Paani botal mein hai. | Water is in the bottle. |
| मैं कमरे में हूँ। | Main kamre mein hoon. | I am in the room. |
| वह दिल्ली में काम करता है। | Vah Dilli mein kaam karta hai. | He works in Delhi. |
B. Using में for Time and Situations
में can also be used with certain time expressions and situations.
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| सुबह में | Subah mein | In the morning |
| एक घंटे में | Ek ghante mein | In one hour |
| दो दिनों में | Do dinon mein | In two days |
| इस साल में | Is saal mein | In this year |
| मुश्किल में | Mushkil mein | In difficulty |
| खुशी में | Khushi mein | In happiness |
Natural Hindi tip: For many time expressions, Hindi often uses a more natural construction without में.
For example:
सुबह मैं पढ़ता हूँ।
Subah main padhta hoon.
I study in the morning.
दो दिन में काम पूरा होगा।
Do din mein kaam poora hoga.
The work will be completed in two days.
C. Everyday Conversation Using में
Situation: Asking where someone lives
A: आप कहाँ रहते हैं?
Aap kahaan rehte hain?
Where do you live?
B: मैं मुंबई में रहता हूँ।
Main Mumbai mein rehta hoon.
I live in Mumbai.
A: क्या आपका परिवार भी मुंबई में रहता है?
Kya aapka parivaar bhi Mumbai mein rehta hai?
Does your family also live in Mumbai?
B: हाँ, मेरा परिवार भी मुंबई में रहता है।
Haan, mera parivaar bhi Mumbai mein rehta hai.
Yes, my family also lives in Mumbai.
Hindi grammar for beginners
🟠 3. Postposition Two: से (Se) — FROM / BY / THAN
Meaning and Pronunciation
से — Se — From / By / Than
से is one of the most frequently used Hindi postpositions.
It can express:
The starting point of a journey.
The source or origin of something.
The method or means used to do something.
Comparison between two things.
Separation or distance.
A. Using से for Origin and Direction
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं दिल्ली से हूँ। | Main Dilli se hoon. | I am from Delhi. |
| वह भारत से आया है। | Vah Bharat se aaya hai. | He has come from India. |
| ट्रेन मुंबई से आती है। | Train Mumbai se aati hai. | The train comes from Mumbai. |
| मैं घर से निकल रहा हूँ। | Main ghar se nikal raha hoon. | I am leaving from home. |
| वह स्कूल से आ रही है। | Vah school se aa rahi hai. | She is coming from school. |
B. Using से for Means or Method
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं बस से जाता हूँ। | Main bus se jaata hoon. | I travel by bus. |
| वह ट्रेन से आई। | Vah train se aayi. | She came by train. |
| मैं चाकू से फल काटता हूँ। | Main chaaku se phal kaatta hoon. | I cut fruit with a knife. |
| वह फोन से बात करता है। | Vah phone se baat karta hai. | He talks on the phone. |
| मैं हिंदी से सीख रहा हूँ। | Main Hindi se seekh raha hoon. | I am learning through Hindi. |
Important correction: A more natural sentence for "I am learning Hindi" is:
मैं हिंदी सीख रहा हूँ।
Main Hindi seekh raha hoon.
I am learning Hindi.
C. Using से for Comparisons
से also means "than" in comparisons.
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| राम श्याम से लंबा है। | Ram Shyam se lamba hai. | Ram is taller than Shyam. |
| यह चाय कॉफी से अच्छी है। | Yeh chai coffee se achhi hai. | This tea is better than coffee. |
| आज कल से ठंडा है। | Aaj kal se thanda hai. | Today is colder than yesterday. |
| मेरा बैग तुम्हारे बैग से बड़ा है। | Mera bag tumhare bag se bada hai. | My bag is bigger than your bag. |
D. Everyday Conversation Using से
Situation: Meeting someone new
A: आप कहाँ से हैं?
Aap kahaan se hain?
Where are you from?
B: मैं कनाडा से हूँ।
Main Canada se hoon.
I am from Canada.
A: आप यहाँ कैसे आए?
Aap yahaan kaise aaye?
How did you come here?
B: मैं हवाई जहाज़ से आया हूँ।
Main havaai jahaaz se aaya hoon.
I came by airplane.
Ke Saath meaning in Hindi
🟠 4. Postposition Three: तक (Tak) — UNTIL / UP TO / AS FAR AS
Meaning and Pronunciation
तक — Tak — Until / Up to / As far as
तक expresses an endpoint or limit.
Use तक when discussing:
Time limits.
Deadlines.
Distance.
The endpoint of an activity.
A range or limit.
A. Using तक for Time
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| शाम तक | Shaam tak | Until evening |
| सोमवार तक | Somvaar tak | Until Monday |
| रात तक | Raat tak | Until night |
| पाँच बजे तक | Paanch baje tak | Until five o'clock |
| कल तक | Kal tak | Until tomorrow |
| अगले हफ्ते तक | Agle hafte tak | Until next week |
B. Using तक in Sentences
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं शाम तक काम करूँगा। | Main shaam tak kaam karoonga. | I will work until evening. |
| कृपया सोमवार तक इंतज़ार करें। | Kripya Somvaar tak intezaar karein. | Please wait until Monday. |
| दुकान रात दस बजे तक खुली है। | Dukaan raat das baje tak khuli hai. | The shop is open until 10 p.m. |
| हम पाँच बजे तक पहुँच जाएँगे। | Hum paanch baje tak pahunch jaayenge. | We will arrive by five o'clock. |
| वह स्टेशन तक पैदल गया। | Vah station tak paidal gaya. | He walked as far as the station. |
| यह रास्ता बाज़ार तक जाता है। | Yeh raasta bazaar tak jaata hai. | This road goes up to the market. |
C. तक vs से ... तक
One important structure is:
से ... तक = From ... to / From ... until
Examples:
सुबह नौ बजे से शाम पाँच बजे तक।
Subah nau baje se shaam paanch baje tak.
From 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
सोमवार से शुक्रवार तक।
Somvaar se Shukravaar tak.
From Monday to Friday.
दिल्ली से आगरा तक।
Dilli se Agra tak.
From Delhi to Agra.
D. Everyday Conversation Using तक
Situation: Asking about office timings
A: आपका ऑफिस कितने बजे तक खुला रहता है?
Aapka office kitne baje tak khula rehta hai?
Until what time does your office remain open?
B: हमारा ऑफिस शाम छह बजे तक खुला रहता है।
Hamaara office shaam chhe baje tak khula rehta hai.
Our office remains open until 6 p.m.
A: क्या आप पाँच बजे तक काम करते हैं?
Kya aap paanch baje tak kaam karte hain?
Do you work until 5 p.m.?
B: हाँ, मैं पाँच बजे तक काम करता हूँ।
Haan, main paanch baje tak kaam karta hoon.
Yes, I work until 5 p.m.
🟠 5. Postposition Four: के साथ (Ke Saath) — WITH / TOGETHER WITH
Meaning and Pronunciation
के साथ — Ke Saath — With / Together with
Use के साथ when talking about:
People you are spending time with.
Friends and family.
Travelling companions.
Working together.
Doing something alongside another person.
A. Simple Examples
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| मेरे साथ | Mere saath | With me |
| आपके साथ | Aapke saath | With you |
| उसके साथ | Uske saath | With him/her |
| मेरे दोस्त के साथ | Mere dost ke saath | With my friend |
| अपने परिवार के साथ | Apne parivaar ke saath | With my family |
| बच्चों के साथ | Bachchon ke saath | With children |
| शिक्षक के साथ | Shikshak ke saath | With the teacher |
B. Using के साथ in Complete Sentences
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं अपने दोस्त के साथ जा रहा हूँ। | Main apne dost ke saath ja raha hoon. | I am going with my friend. |
| वह अपने परिवार के साथ रहती है। | Vah apne parivaar ke saath rehti hai. | She lives with her family. |
| क्या आप मेरे साथ आएँगे? | Kya aap mere saath aayenge? | Will you come with me? |
| मैं आपके साथ काम करना चाहता हूँ। | Main aapke saath kaam karna chahta hoon. | I want to work with you. |
| बच्चे अपने माता-पिता के साथ हैं। | Bachche apne maata-pita ke saath hain. | The children are with their parents. |
| मैं अपनी बहन के साथ बाज़ार जा रही हूँ। | Main apni behen ke saath bazaar ja rahi hoon. | I am going to the market with my sister. |
C. Important Grammar Tip: के साथ, के साथ नहीं?
The form before साथ changes according to the person or noun phrase.
मैं + के साथ → मेरे साथ (Mere saath)
आप + के साथ → आपके साथ (Aapke saath)
वह + के साथ → उसके साथ (Uske saath)
राम + के साथ → राम के साथ (Ram ke saath)
For example:
मैं आप के साथ जाऊँगा। is understandable, but the more natural form is:
मैं आपके साथ जाऊँगा।
Main aapke saath jaaunga.
I will go with you.
D. Everyday Conversation Using के साथ
Situation: Making weekend plans
A: क्या आप हमारे साथ घूमने चलेंगे?
Kya aap hamaare saath ghoomne chalenge?
Will you come sightseeing with us?
B: हाँ, मैं आपके साथ ज़रूर चलूँगा।
Haan, main aapke saath zaroor chalunga.
Yes, I will definitely come with you.
A: क्या आपका दोस्त भी आपके साथ आएगा?
Kya aapka dost bhi aapke saath aayega?
Will your friend also come with you?
B: हाँ, वह भी हमारे साथ आएगा।
Haan, vah bhi hamaare saath aayega.
Yes, he will also come with us.
Hindi prepositions and postpositions
🌍 6. Four Postpositions Compared — Never Confuse Them Again!
Let's compare all four postpositions in one place.
| Postposition | Roman Hindi | English Meaning | Main Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| में | Mein | In / Inside | Location |
| से | Se | From / By / Than | Source, method, comparison |
| तक | Tak | Until / Up to | Endpoint or limit |
| के साथ | Ke Saath | With | Companionship |
One Situation, Four Different Sentences
Imagine you are travelling in India.
1. Location — में
मैं होटल में हूँ।
Main hotel mein hoon.
I am in the hotel.
2. Starting point — से
मैं दिल्ली से आया हूँ।
Main Dilli se aaya hoon.
I came from Delhi.
3. Ending point — तक
मैं शाम तक यहाँ रहूँगा।
Main shaam tak yahaan rahoonga.
I will stay here until evening.
4. Companionship — के साथ
मैं अपने दोस्त के साथ आया हूँ।
Main apne dost ke saath aaya hoon.
I came with my friend.
See how four small postpositions help you communicate four completely different ideas!
🗣️ 7. Real-Life Hindi Conversation: Planning a Trip
Let's combine all four postpositions in one natural conversation.
Situation: Two friends planning a trip
अमन: तुम कहाँ रहते हो?
Aman: Tum kahaan rehte ho?
Where do you live?
राहुल: मैं दिल्ली में रहता हूँ।
Rahul: Main Dilli mein rehta hoon.
I live in Delhi.
अमन: तुम कहाँ से आ रहे हो?
Aman: Tum kahaan se aa rahe ho?
Where are you coming from?
राहुल: मैं घर से आ रहा हूँ।
Rahul: Main ghar se aa raha hoon.
I am coming from home.
अमन: क्या तुम मेरे साथ आगरा चलोगे?
Aman: Kya tum mere saath Agra chaloge?
Will you go to Agra with me?
राहुल: हाँ, लेकिन हमें शाम तक वापस आना होगा।
Rahul: Haan, lekin humein shaam tak vaapas aana hoga.
Yes, but we will have to return by evening.
अमन: ठीक है! हम सुबह आठ बजे से यात्रा शुरू करेंगे।
Aman: Theek hai! Hum subah aath baje se yaatra shuru karenge.
Okay! We will start the journey from 8 a.m.
राहुल: बहुत अच्छा! मैं तैयार हूँ।
Rahul: Bahut achha! Main taiyaar hoon.
Great! I am ready.
🎯 Grammar Challenge
Find the four postpositions in the conversation:
में — Delhi mein
से — Ghar se / Aath baje se
तक — Shaam tak
के साथ — Mere saath
🧠 8. Common Mistakes Hindi Learners Should Avoid
Even advanced beginners sometimes confuse these postpositions.
Let's correct the most common mistakes.
| Incorrect / Less Natural | Correct Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| मैं दिल्ली में से हूँ। | मैं दिल्ली से हूँ। | Main Dilli se hoon. | I am from Delhi. |
| मैं दोस्त साथ जाता हूँ। | मैं दोस्त के साथ जाता हूँ। | Main dost ke saath jaata hoon. | I go with a friend. |
| मैं शाम से इंतज़ार करूँगा। (intended: until evening) | मैं शाम तक इंतज़ार करूँगा। | Main shaam tak intezaar karoonga. | I will wait until evening. |
| किताब बैग से है। (intended: in the bag) | किताब बैग में है। | Kitaab bag mein hai. | The book is in the bag. |
| मैं बस में जाता हूँ। (intended: by bus) | मैं बस से जाता हूँ। | Main bus se jaata hoon. | I travel by bus. |
Remember These Rules
Use में for a location or something inside a place.
Use से for origin, source, method or comparison.
Use तक for an endpoint or limit.
Use के साथ when describing being or doing something with someone.
Special note: The correct postposition depends on the intended meaning. For example, बस में means "inside/on the bus," while बस से can mean "by bus."
✍️ 9. Practice Exercises — Test Your Hindi Grammar!
Now it's your turn!
Complete these sentences using the correct postposition:
Word Bank: में | से | तक | के साथ
Exercise A: Fill in the Blanks
मैं भारत _____ रहता हूँ।
मैं मुंबई _____ आया हूँ।
मैं शाम पाँच बजे _____ काम करूँगा।
मैं अपने दोस्त _____ बाज़ार जा रहा हूँ।
किताब बैग _____ है।
वह स्कूल _____ घर आ रही है।
दुकान रात नौ बजे _____ खुली है।
क्या आप मेरे _____ चलेंगे?
Exercise B: Translate into Hindi
Translate these English sentences into Hindi.
I live in India.
I am from Canada.
I will wait until tomorrow.
I am going with my sister.
The keys are in the bag.
We are travelling by train.
I will work until evening.
She is going with her friend.
Exercise C: Choose the Correct Answer
1. How do you say "I live in Delhi"?
A. मैं दिल्ली से रहता हूँ।
B. मैं दिल्ली में रहता हूँ।
C. मैं दिल्ली तक रहता हूँ।
2. Which postposition means "with"?
A. तक
B. में
C. के साथ
3. How do you say "from Mumbai"?
A. मुंबई में
B. मुंबई से
C. मुंबई तक
4. Which sentence means "I will wait until evening"?
A. मैं शाम तक इंतज़ार करूँगा।
B. मैं शाम में इंतज़ार करूँगा।
C. मैं शाम के साथ इंतज़ार करूँगा।
Hindi postpositions with examples
✅ 10. Answer Key — Check Your Progress
Exercise A
में — मैं भारत में रहता हूँ।
से — मैं मुंबई से आया हूँ।
तक — मैं शाम पाँच बजे तक काम करूँगा।
के साथ — मैं अपने दोस्त के साथ बाज़ार जा रहा हूँ।
में — किताब बैग में है।
से — वह स्कूल से घर आ रही है।
तक — दुकान रात नौ बजे तक खुली है।
साथ — क्या आप मेरे साथ चलेंगे?
Exercise B
मैं भारत में रहता हूँ। — Main Bharat mein rehta hoon.
मैं कनाडा से हूँ। — Main Canada se hoon.
मैं कल तक इंतज़ार करूँगा। — Main kal tak intezaar karoonga.
मैं अपनी बहन के साथ जा रहा हूँ। — Main apni behen ke saath ja raha hoon.
चाबियाँ बैग में हैं। — Chaabiyaan bag mein hain.
हम ट्रेन से यात्रा कर रहे हैं। — Hum train se yaatra kar rahe hain.
मैं शाम तक काम करूँगा। — Main shaam tak kaam karoonga.
वह अपनी दोस्त के साथ जा रही है। — Vah apni dost ke saath ja rahi hai.
Note: Some sentences have alternative natural translations depending on the speaker's gender and context.
Exercise C
B — मैं दिल्ली में रहता हूँ।
C — के साथ
B — मुंबई से
A — मैं शाम तक इंतज़ार करूँगा।
🎤 11. Speaking Challenge — Use All Four Postpositions!
Now practise speaking aloud.
Read each sentence three times:
Round 1: Read slowly.
Round 2: Speak without looking at the English translation.
Round 3: Create your own sentence.
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं भारत में रहता हूँ। | Main Bharat mein rehta hoon. | I live in India. |
| मैं लंदन से आया हूँ। | Main London se aaya hoon. | I came from London. |
| मैं शाम तक रुकूँगा। | Main shaam tak rukunga. | I will stay until evening. |
| मैं अपने दोस्त के साथ हूँ। | Main apne dost ke saath hoon. | I am with my friend. |
| वह कमरे में है। | Vah kamre mein hai. | He/She is in the room. |
| वह बस से आएगा। | Vah bus se aayega. | He will come by bus. |
| हम सोमवार तक रहेंगे। | Hum Somvaar tak rahenge. | We will stay until Monday. |
| क्या आप मेरे साथ चलेंगे? | Kya aap mere saath chalenge? | Will you come with me? |
Your 30-Second Speaking Mission
Introduce yourself using all four postpositions.
Example:
नमस्ते! मैं भारत में रहता हूँ। मैं पंजाब से हूँ। मैं शाम तक काम करता हूँ और अपने परिवार के साथ रहता हूँ।
Namaste! Main Bharat mein rehta hoon. Main Punjab se hoon. Main shaam tak kaam karta hoon aur apne parivaar ke saath rehta hoon.
Hello! I live in India. I am from Punjab. I work until evening and live with my family.
Now make your own introduction!
📖 12. Quick Revision — What Have You Learned?
| Hindi Word | Roman Hindi | English | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| में | Mein | In | घर में — In the house |
| से | Se | From / By / Than | दिल्ली से — From Delhi |
| तक | Tak | Until / Up to | शाम तक — Until evening |
| के साथ | Ke Saath | With | दोस्त के साथ — With a friend |
⭐ Four Golden Grammar Rules
में = Where? Where is something located?
से = From where? How? Compared with what?
तक = Until where or until when?
के साथ = With whom?
If you remember these four questions, choosing the correct postposition becomes much easier!
🌟 Conclusion: Build Better Hindi Sentences, One Word at a Time!
Congratulations! 🎉
You have completed Chapter 12 — Hindi Postpositions.
Today, you learned four essential words:
में (Mein) — In
से (Se) — From / By / Than
तक (Tak) — Until / Up to
के साथ (Ke Saath) — With
These small words play a big role in everyday Hindi communication.
Whether you are travelling through India, meeting new people, studying Hindi, working with Indian colleagues or having conversations with friends, these postpositions will help you express yourself more naturally.
Your daily Hindi practice: Create four sentences every day, using one new postposition in each sentence.
Remember:
Don't just memorize Hindi words. Learn how to connect them and use them in real conversations!
Learn Hindi speaking grammar
🚀 Continue Learning — Explore the Hindi Grammar Hub
Want to speak Hindi more confidently?
Explore our Hindi Grammar Hub and continue learning step by step through practical lessons, examples, pronunciation guidance and speaking exercises.
Hindi Language Learn Step By Step for beginners
Discover more lessons covering Hindi sentence formation, verbs, tenses, pronouns, adjectives, postpositions and everyday conversation grammar.
👉 Visit Learn Hindi Effortlessly:
https://hindilanguage09.blogspot.com/
Coming Next — Level 3: Speaking Grammar | Chapter 13
Conjunctions in Hindi — और (Aur), लेकिन (Lekin), क्योंकि (Kyonki), अगर (Agar) and इसलिए (Isliye)
Learn how to connect ideas, explain reasons, express conditions and create longer, more natural Hindi conversations.
Keep learning. Keep practising. Speak Hindi effortlessly! 🇮🇳
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