📚 Chapter 5 — Hindi Adjectives (विशेषण): Describe People & Things in Hindi
Learn “Big House,” “Beautiful Girl” & More with Easy Hindi Grammar
Want to describe a person, place, object, or feeling in Hindi? 🌎
Then you need to learn Hindi adjectives, called विशेषण (Visheshan).
Adjectives are words that describe nouns. For example:
Big house
Beautiful girl
Small room
Good food
New book
Red car
In Hindi, adjectives usually come before the noun, just as in English:
बड़ा घर
Bada Ghar
Big House
सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
Beautiful Girl
But there is one important difference: some Hindi adjectives change according to the gender and number of the noun they describe. Others do not change.
Hindi vocabulary for beginners
🎯 What You Will Learn in This Chapter
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Understand what Hindi adjectives are
Use बड़ा (Bada) correctly
Use सुन्दर (Sundar) correctly
Understand masculine and feminine agreement
Describe people and things
Build simple Hindi adjective phrases
Avoid common beginner mistakes
Practice with mini exercises
1. What Is an Adjective?
An adjective describes a person, place, animal, object, or idea.
English
Big house
Here:
House = noun
Big = adjective
Hindi
बड़ा घर
Bada Ghar
घर (Ghar) = house
बड़ा (Bada) = big
So:
बड़ा घर = Big House
Hindi calls an adjective:
विशेषण (Visheshan)
2. The Basic Hindi Adjective Pattern
For beginners, remember this simple pattern:
⭐ Adjective + Noun
बड़ा + घर
Bada + Ghar
Big + House
Another example:
सुन्दर + लड़की
Sundar + Ladki
Beautiful + Girl
This adjective-before-noun pattern is common in everyday Hindi.
3. Example 1 — बड़ा घर
🏠 Big House
Hindi
बड़ा घर
Roman Hindi
Bada Ghar
English
Big House
Let's break it down:
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| बड़ा | Bada | Big |
| घर | Ghar | House |
Full sentence:
यह बड़ा घर है।
Yah bada ghar hai.
This is a big house.
Word-by-word:
यह (Yah) = this
बड़ा (Bada) = big
घर (Ghar) = house
है (Hai) = is
➡️ Yah bada ghar hai.
➡️ This is a big house.
4. Why Is It “बड़ा” and Not “बड़ी”?
This is one of the most important beginner Hindi grammar rules. 🧠
The adjective बड़ा (Bada) is a variable adjective. It changes according to the noun's gender and number.
For masculine singular nouns, it commonly appears as:
बड़ा (Bada)
For feminine singular nouns:
बड़ी (Badi)
For masculine plural:
बड़े (Bade)
This pattern is one of the fundamental adjective-agreement patterns in Hindi.
Compare:
बड़ा घर
Bada Ghar
Big house
But:
बड़ी कार
Badi Car
Big car
So don't memorize only:
बड़ा = big
Instead, learn:
बड़ा / बड़ी / बड़े = forms of “big”
5. Example 2 — Beautiful Girl
👧 सुन्दर लड़की
Hindi
सुन्दर लड़की
Roman Hindi
Sundar Ladki
English
Beautiful Girl
Break it down:
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| सुन्दर | Sundar | Beautiful |
| लड़की | Ladki | Girl |
Important!
Notice something interesting:
सुन्दर (Sundar) does not change.
You can say:
सुन्दर लड़का
Sundar Ladka
Beautiful boy
and:
सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
Beautiful girl
The adjective सुंदर/सुन्दर (sundar) is an invariable adjective, so its form stays the same with masculine and feminine nouns.
6. Two Types of Hindi Adjectives
For beginner Hindi, it is useful to recognize two major patterns.
Type 1 — Adjectives That Change
These adjectives commonly end in -आ (-a) in their masculine singular form.
Examples:
| Masculine Singular | Feminine | English |
|---|---|---|
| बड़ा | बड़ी | Big |
| छोटा | छोटी | Small |
| अच्छा | अच्छी | Good |
| काला | काली | Black |
| लंबा | लंबी | Long/Tall |
| नया | नई | New |
| पुराना | पुरानी | Old |
For example:
बड़ा लड़का
Bada Ladka
Big boy
बड़ी लड़की
Badi Ladki
Big girl
अच्छा खाना
Achha Khana
Good food
अच्छी किताब
Achhi Kitaab
Good book
Hindi adjective gender agreement for beginners
7. Type 2 — Adjectives That Usually Stay the Same
Some adjectives don't change according to gender.
Examples:
सुन्दर (Sundar) = beautiful
खुश (Khush) = happy
लाल (Laal) = red
साफ़ (Saaf) = clean
खराब (Kharaab) = bad
For example:
Beautiful Boy
सुन्दर लड़का
Sundar Ladka
Beautiful boy
Beautiful Girl
सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
Beautiful girl
The word सुन्दर (Sundar) remains unchanged.
8. बड़ा — Bada: The Complete Pattern
Let's master one adjective first.
बड़ा = Big
Masculine Singular
बड़ा घर
Bada Ghar
Big house
Feminine Singular
बड़ी कार
Badi Car
Big car
Masculine Plural
बड़े घर
Bade Ghar
Big houses
Feminine Plural
बड़ी कारें
Badi Caren
Big cars
Easy Pattern
बड़ा → बड़े → बड़ी
Think:
Bada → Bade → Badi
This pattern is extremely useful for beginners.
9. More Examples with बड़ा
🏠 Big House
बड़ा घर
Bada Ghar
Big house
🚪 Big Room
बड़ा कमरा
Bada Kamra
Big room
👦 Big Boy
बड़ा लड़का
Bada Ladka
Big boy
🚗 Big Car
बड़ी कार
Badi Car
Big car
👧 Big Girl
बड़ी लड़की
Badi Ladki
Big girl
📚 Big Books
बड़ी किताबें
Badi Kitaben
Big books
How to say beautiful girl in Hindi
10. More Examples with सुन्दर
🌸 Beautiful Flower
सुन्दर फूल
Sundar Phool
Beautiful flower
👦 Beautiful/Handsome Boy
सुन्दर लड़का
Sundar Ladka
Beautiful boy
👧 Beautiful Girl
सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
Beautiful girl
🏠 Beautiful House
सुन्दर घर
Sundar Ghar
Beautiful house
🌆 Beautiful City
सुन्दर शहर
Sundar Shehar
Beautiful city
🌄 Beautiful Place
सुन्दर जगह
Sundar Jagah
Beautiful place
sundar ladki meaning
11. Important: Hindi Nouns Have Gender
English learners sometimes find this surprising:
In Hindi, nouns have grammatical gender — generally masculine (पुल्लिंग) or feminine (स्त्रीलिंग).
This gender can affect adjectives.
For example:
लड़का — Ladka
Boy
Masculine
लड़की — Ladki
Girl
Feminine
Therefore:
बड़ा लड़का
Bada Ladka
Big boy
but:
बड़ी लड़की
Badi Ladki
Big girl
12. Adjective + Noun: Your First Sentence Builder
You can create hundreds of Hindi phrases using this simple formula:
Formula
Adjective + Noun
Let's practice.
बड़ा + घर
बड़ा घर
Bada Ghar
Big house
छोटा + कमरा
छोटा कमरा
Chhota Kamra
Small room
सुन्दर + लड़की
सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
Beautiful girl
अच्छा + खाना
अच्छा खाना
Achha Khana
Good food
नई + किताब
नई किताब
Nayi Kitaab
New book
13. Useful Hindi Adjectives for Beginners
| Hindi | Roman Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|
| बड़ा | Bada | Big |
| छोटा | Chhota | Small |
| अच्छा | Achha | Good |
| बुरा | Bura | Bad |
| नया | Naya | New |
| पुराना | Purana | Old |
| सुन्दर | Sundar | Beautiful |
| खुश | Khush | Happy |
| दुखी | Dukhi | Sad |
| लाल | Laal | Red |
| काला | Kaala | Black |
| सफेद | Safed | White |
| साफ़ | Saaf | Clean |
| गंदा | Ganda | Dirty |
| लंबा | Lamba | Long/Tall |
| छोटा | Chhota | Short/Small |
| मोटा | Mota | Fat/Thick |
| पतला | Patla | Thin |
| ठंडा | Thanda | Cold |
| गर्म | Garam | Hot |
14. Common Beginner Mistakes 🚫
Mistake 1: Using बड़ा with every noun
❌ बड़ा लड़की
Bada Ladki
This is incorrect because लड़की (Ladki) is feminine.
✅ बड़ी लड़की
Badi Ladki
Big girl
Why does bada become badi in Hindi
Mistake 2: Changing सुंदर
Some beginners think every adjective must change.
❌ सुन्दरी लड़की when simply using the ordinary adjective “beautiful”
✅ सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
Beautiful girl
सुन्दर (Sundar) remains unchanged in ordinary adjective use.
Mistake 3: Forgetting the adjective comes before the noun
For a basic noun phrase, use:
✅ बड़ा घर
Bada Ghar
Big house
Not:
❌ घर बड़ा
Ghar Bada
Note: घर बड़ा है (Ghar bada hai) can be a perfectly grammatical sentence meaning “The house is big.” The issue is that बड़ा घर is the normal adjective+noun phrase meaning “big house.”
15. Real-Life Hindi Sentences
Now let's move from vocabulary to conversation. 🗣️
1.
यह बड़ा घर है।
Yah bada ghar hai.
This is a big house.
2.
यह सुन्दर लड़की है।
Yah sundar ladki hai.
This is a beautiful girl.
3.
वह बड़ा कमरा है।
Vah bada kamra hai.
That is a big room.
4.
यह सुन्दर शहर है।
Yah sundar shehar hai.
This is a beautiful city.
5.
यह अच्छी किताब है।
Yah achhi kitaab hai.
This is a good book.
6.
वह छोटा घर है।
Vah chhota ghar hai.
That is a small house.
7.
यह नया कमरा है।
Yah naya kamra hai.
This is a new room.
8.
यह नई कार है।
Yah nayi car hai.
This is a new car.
Notice:
नया कमरा → Naya Kamra
but
नई कार → Nayi Car
The adjective changes to agree with the noun.
16. Mini Conversation 🗣️
Emma:
यह घर कैसा है?
Yah ghar kaisa hai?
What is this house like?
David:
यह बड़ा और सुन्दर घर है।
Yah bada aur sundar ghar hai.
It is a big and beautiful house.
Emma:
वाह! बहुत सुन्दर!
Waah! Bahut sundar!
Wow! Very beautiful!
David:
हाँ, यह मेरा घर है।
Haan, yah mera ghar hai.
Yes, this is my house.
Hindi adjectives masculine feminine
17. Your First Adjective Challenge 🎯
Translate these into Hindi.
1. Big house
Answer: बड़ा घर
Bada Ghar
2. Beautiful girl
Answer: सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
3. Small room
Answer: छोटा कमरा
Chhota Kamra
4. Good book
Answer: अच्छी किताब
Achhi Kitaab
5. New car
Answer: नई कार
Nayi Car
18. Quick Quiz 🧠
Choose the correct answer.
Question 1
Big girl:
A. बड़ा लड़की
B. बड़ी लड़की
C. बड़े लड़की
✅ Answer: B — बड़ी लड़की
Question 2
Big house:
A. बड़ा घर
B. बड़ी घर
C. बड़े घर
✅ Answer: A — बड़ा घर
Question 3
Beautiful girl:
A. सुन्दरी लड़की
B. सुन्दर लड़की
C. सुन्दरा लड़की
✅ Answer: B — सुन्दर लड़की
Question 4
Good book:
A. अच्छा किताब
B. अच्छी किताब
C. अच्छे किताब
✅ Answer: B — अच्छी किताब
Question 5
Big boys:
A. बड़ा लड़के
B. बड़ी लड़के
C. बड़े लड़के
✅ Answer: C — बड़े लड़के
19. ⭐ Remember This Golden Rule
When you see an adjective ending in -आ (-a), pay attention to the noun.
Masculine Singular
बड़ा
Bada
Masculine Plural
बड़े
Bade
Feminine Singular
बड़ी
Badi
Feminine Plural
बड़ी
Badi
But adjectives such as सुन्दर (Sundar) generally remain unchanged.
🧠 Easy Memory Trick
बड़ा = masculine singular
बड़े = masculine plural
बड़ी = feminine
And:
सुन्दर = stays सुन्दर
20. Speak Hindi Confidently™ Practice
Look around you right now and describe 5 things.
For example:
🏠 बड़ा घर — Bada Ghar — Big house
📖 अच्छी किताब — Achhi Kitaab — Good book
🚗 नई कार — Nayi Car — New car
🌸 सुन्दर फूल — Sundar Phool — Beautiful flower
🪑 छोटी कुर्सी — Chhoti Kursi — Small chair
Then turn them into sentences:
यह बड़ा घर है।
Yah bada ghar hai.
This is a big house.
यह सुन्दर फूल है।
Yah sundar phool hai.
This is a beautiful flower.
Hindi adjectives for beginners
Chapter 5 Quick Cheat Sheet
| English | Hindi | Roman Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| Big house | बड़ा घर | Bada Ghar |
| Big girl | बड़ी लड़की | Badi Ladki |
| Big boys | बड़े लड़के | Bade Ladke |
| Beautiful girl | सुन्दर लड़की | Sundar Ladki |
| Beautiful boy | सुन्दर लड़का | Sundar Ladka |
| Small room | छोटा कमरा | Chhota Kamra |
| Good book | अच्छी किताब | Achhi Kitaab |
| New car | नई कार | Nayi Car |
| Beautiful city | सुन्दर शहर | Sundar Shehar |
| Happy child | खुश बच्चा | Khush Bachcha |
🎯 Final Practice
Before moving to the next chapter, say these aloud:
बड़ा घर
Bada Ghar
Big house
बड़ी लड़की
Badi Ladki
Big girl
बड़े लड़के
Bade Ladke
Big boys
सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
Beautiful girl
अच्छी किताब
Achhi Kitaab
Good book
नई कार
Nayi Car
New car
Now create your own sentence:
यह ______ ______ है।
Yah ______ ______ hai.
This is a ______ ______.
For example:
यह सुन्दर घर है।
Yah sundar ghar hai.
This is a beautiful house.
🌟 Chapter 5 Takeaway
The most important lesson is not to memorize hundreds of adjective forms at once.
Start with these three ideas:
1️⃣ Adjectives describe nouns
सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
Beautiful girl
2️⃣ Many -आ adjectives change
बड़ा → बड़ी → बड़े
Bada → Badi → Bade
3️⃣ Some adjectives do not change
सुन्दर लड़का
Sundar Ladka
सुन्दर लड़की
Sundar Ladki
Once you understand this pattern, describing people, places, food, objects, and everyday situations in Hindi becomes much easier. 🇮🇳📚
Next Step: Practice 10 everyday Hindi adjectives and build your own Hindi sentences.
Hindi adjectives
Continue Hindi Reading Journey
FAQ
1. What is an adjective in Hindi?
An adjective is called विशेषण (Visheshan). It describes a noun or pronoun.
2. How do you say “big house” in Hindi?
बड़ा घर (Bada Ghar) means “big house.”
3. How do you say “beautiful girl” in Hindi?
सुन्दर लड़की (Sundar Ladki) means “beautiful girl.”
4. Why is it बड़ी लड़की instead of बड़ा लड़की?
Because लड़की (Ladki) is feminine, so the variable adjective बड़ा changes to बड़ी.
5. Does सुंदर change in Hindi?
Usually no. सुन्दर (Sundar) is an invariable adjective and remains the same with masculine and feminine nouns.
6. What is the easiest Hindi adjective rule for beginners?
Learn the common pattern बड़ा → बड़े → बड़ी, then gradually learn which adjectives change and which remain unchanged.
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